英文エッセイ・レポートのライティングで役立つ表現集
英語でエッセイやレポートを書く際には、論理的に文章を組み立てるための「つなぎ言葉」や「表現の型」をうまく使うことがとても重要です。ここでは、議論を整理したり、理由を述べたり、例を挙げたりするために役立つ表現をカテゴリー別にまとめました。もちろん、これらの表現はライティング以外でもよく使われる表現です。覚えておけばスピーチ、プレゼン、ミーティングでも役立ちます。
- 強調する
- 一般化する
- 例を挙げる
- 例外を設ける
- 理由を述べる
- 結果・影響を述べる
- 個人的な見解
- 賛成する
- 反対する
- 関心・計画・意図を示す
- 副詞による修飾
- 要約して結論を導く
Introduction：導入部
- first of all
- to begin with
- in order to decide whether…. or not
- to outline the main points
- firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally
Enumerating arguments： 論点を列挙・追加するときの表現
Weighing up arguments ：議論を比較検討する
- on the one hand….. on the other hand
- to consider the advantages and disadvantages
- arguments for and against
- to discuss the pros and cons
- in theory … in reality
- both… and….
- not only … but also
- anyway / at any rate / in any case
- in fact / actually / as a matter of fact
- up to a point
- by no means / not at all
Comparisons ：比較
Restrictions ：制限・条件付け
- however
- nevertheless
- whereas
- although / though / even though
- in spite of / despite
- unlike
- in contrast to / with sth.
- on the contrary
- contrary to
Referring to ：参照する
Emphasizing ：強調する
- I’d like to point out that
- I’d like to emphasize
Generalizing ：一般化する
- on the whole
- in general / generally speaking
- as a rule
- to some extent
- to a large extent / to what extent ?
- in many ways
- in all respects
- in most / many cases
- basically
Giving examples ：例を挙げる
- for example / for instance
- such as / including
- in particular / particularly
- to give you an example of what I mean
- to illustrate this point
- what I mean is
- et cetera / and so on / and so forth
- that is to say / i.e
Making exceptions： 例外を設ける
- apart from
- except
- with the exception of
Giving reasons： 理由を述べる
- because
- as / since
- because of
- the reason for this is
- the reason why
- for some reasons or another
- I have every reason to believe that
Consequences ：結果・影響を述べる
- therefore
- consequently / as a result
- for this reason / all these reasons
Personal point of view： 個人的な見解
- I think that
- in my opinion/ in my view / to my mind
- this is a matter of opinion
- in my experience
- as far as I know
- as far as I am concerned
- to be aware / unaware of a problem
- to tell the truth
- the fact is that
- I am convinced that
- I firmly believe that
- I feel sth should be done about that
Agreeing ：賛成する
- I entirely / absolutely agree with
- that’s exactly my own view
- I’m of exactly the same opinion
- that’s perfectly true
- I’d like to support this view
Disagreeing： 反対する
- I partly disagree with
- I don’t entirely agree with
- I agree in principle, but
- That’s not the way I see it
- I see things rather differently myself
- I’m not at all convinced that
- I’m not absolutely sure
Interest, Plans, Intentions： 関心・計画・意図
- to be interested in sth / in doing sth
- It interests me a lot
- My main / particular interest is
- I have the intention of doing
- I am prepared to do sth
- I am determined to do sth
- I’m planning to do sth
- I’m very keen on doing sth
Modifying adverbs： 副詞による修飾
- totally / entirely / completely
- mostly / mainly / chiefly
- partly
- comparatively / relatively
- extremely / incredibly
Summarizing and drawing conclusions： 要約して結論を導く
- finally
- last of all
- last but not least
- in conclusion / to conclude
- we can draw the conclusion
- to sum up / to summarize we can say
- all in all
- in short / in brief / briefly
- all things considered
- the subject under discussion
- I find it difficult to reach a conclusion but I’m tempted to say